Hand-driven sewing machine; preparing it and stitching without thread
Sewing machines are hand, foot or electric driven; the textbook studies the hand-driven machine. Its main parts are the platform, body, handwheel, bobbin winder, stitch regulator, upper-thread tension regulator, thread take-up, needle bar, presser foot, needle plate and bobbin case. The hand drive passes the handle’s motion through gears to the handwheel, which turns the shaft and moves the needle. A machine is used only when the teacher allows it and watches, and fingers never go near the needle. Hygiene: light falls on the needle from the front or left, the chair is opposite the needle, the body is straight 10–15 cm from the table, and the needle is 30–35 cm from the eyes. To prepare the machine, set the stitch length (0–4 mm), fix the needle with its groove on the thread side, wind thread on the bobbin and thread the upper and lower threads; only an adult changes the needle.
Picture game: name cards for 8 parts are placed on the right spots of a machine drawing. The real machine is shown by the teacher; children only look and name the parts without touching them.