Metalworking trades and crafts
In the past metalworking had many branches: degrezlik (cast-iron foundry), blacksmithing, knife-making, locksmithing, horseshoe-making, lock-making, needle-making, nail-making, coppersmithing and jewellery making. Metal items were first of all tools of labour: ploughshares, mattocks, spades, household items, building parts and ornaments. Degrezlik was casting ploughshares, mattocks, spades, ewers and cauldrons; the degrez (head master), xalpa (assistant), damgar (worker who blew air while iron was melting) and quyuvchi (caster who poured the molten iron into moulds) worked together. Taqachilik was making horseshoes for horses, mules and donkeys. Kandakorlik was decorating household items and tools with engraved patterns. Miskarlik was making copper vessels, which naqqosh (decorator) masters ornamented by engraving and chasing. These crafts live on in modern forms: locksmith, welder, turner, jeweller.
Trade cards: pupils make 6 cards (trade name – what it makes). In pairs one names a product and the other finds the trade. No tools, only paper and pen.