Woodworking machines and their structure
School carpentry workshops often have STD–120 type wood-turning lathes. They are used to make wooden parts with round surfaces and shaped items. The lathe’s main units are the bed (support unit), headstock, tailstock, tool rest and cutting tools. The headstock holds the wood and turns it; a stepped pulley is fitted on the spindle and driven from the electric motor by a belt, and moving the belt between the steps of the pulley changes the number of rotations. The tailstock holds long wood at the centre. The tool rest supports the chisel while turning; it is set to the centre and close to the wood. Working on a lathe is dangerous: the wood must be firmly fixed, no wood is fitted while the spindle turns, the surface is not checked by hand without stopping the machine, and goggles must be worn. At school a pupil runs the lathe only under the teacher’s direct supervision.
Lathe diagram: the pupil copies a lathe drawing and names parts 1–5 (bed, headstock, tailstock, tool rest, chisel). The lathe is off and shown by the teacher; nobody touches it.