☰ Contents · Technology

Folk crafts and contests

Lessons 1–2 · 2 lessons · O‘. O. Tohirov, I. Karimov, M. M. Maksimova. Technology (Texnologiya), textbook for Grade 8 of general secondary schools. Ilm Ziyo, Tashkent, 2019
1

Folk crafts: kinds, history and prospects

Textbook: pp. 4–8
GoalKnow how crafts arose, their three kinds and the main craft branches of Uzbekistan.
New words
handicraft (craft) · hunarmandchilikmaster–apprentice school · usta-shogird maktabimetal engraving and relief work · kandakorlikthe “Hunarmand” association of craftspeople · «Hunarmand» uyushmasi
Explanation

Handicraft arose together with human labour and gradually separated from farming and herding as a field of its own. It divides into many specialities such as pottery, carpentry, blacksmithing, jewellery, embroidery and carved-plaster work. Where a craft flourishes depends on natural raw materials: pottery where good clay exists, weaving where cotton and silk cocoons are plentiful. As the division of labour grew, three kinds of craft took shape: for home use, to order, and for the market. In the years of independence the “Hunarmand” association was formed (1997), master–apprentice schools were revived and craft goods began to reach foreign markets. The Tashkent and Bukhara schools of carved-plaster work, the knife-making of Chust and Kokand, and the jewellery of Samarkand and Kokand are well-known centres of Uzbek crafts.

Worked examples
A master who learned from his forefathers makes clay dishes for his own family: this is home craft. If a customer asks, “make me a bowl like this,” that is work to order.
Pottery developed in Rishton because good clay for it lies nearby. This shows that a craft depends on local raw materials.
Class activity

“Who works in which craft?” game: groups pick an object (bowl, knife, skullcap, ring, carved-plaster panel), say which craftsperson makes it and which kind of craft (home, to order, market) it belongs to.

Practice
1
Name the three kinds of handicraft.
2
What is kandakorlik?
3
Which craft exists where you live? Which local raw material could have helped it develop?
4
Why was reviving master–apprentice schools considered important after independence?