Practical work: making a simple battery motor
An electric motor turns electric energy into rotation; in a real motor this happens because a magnet’s field acts on a current-carrying coil. The textbook’s motor model is assembled from steel wire, a wooden stick, thread, a battery connector and a battery. First pieces of steel wire are chosen, placed on both sides of the wooden stick and tied with thread, and their ends are bent with round-nose pliers. The ends of the battery-connector wires are stripped and soldered to the steel wires, the joints are wrapped with insulating tape, and the battery is taped to the stick. Stripping wire ends with a knife and soldering are done by the teacher or a master; connect only a small low-voltage battery chosen by the teacher, never the household socket (mains). In a short circuit the wire and battery heat up, so the circuit is connected only during the test and the battery is disconnected when work ends.
Circuit drawing: on paper draw the battery, two wires and the motor model as a diagram, marking the direction of current with an arrow. In class, two groups sort “safe and unsafe connection” cards (insulated joint is safe; bare wire ends, a hot battery are unsafe). The teacher hands out real electrical parts.