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Designing a plafond

Lessons 20 · 1 lessons · O‘. O. Tohirov, I. Karimov, M. M. Maksimova. Technology (Texnologiya), textbook for Grade 8 of general secondary schools. Ilm Ziyo, Tashkent, 2019
20

Independent creative project: designing the making of a lampshade

Textbook: pp. 80–84
GoalKnow the stages of designing the making of a plafond (lampshade) as a worked example of a creative project, and keep to electrical safety.
New words
plafond (lampshade) · plafonlamp socket · patronlight source · yoritgicheconomic justification · iqtisodiy asoslash
Explanation

The plafond, from the French plafond (“ceiling”), is a transparent, decorative cover around a light source; it spreads the light of a ceiling or wall lamp and keeps it from dazzling the eyes. Because incandescent lamps got so hot that they melted plastic decorations, LED light sources are now used more. In the project’s preparatory stage demand is studied; in design a materials list (a 5 litre plastic bottle, plastic spoons, wire, lamp socket, LED) and sketches are drawn up. By the technological map the bottle is cut, the handle ends of the spoons are trimmed and the spoons are glued in rows around the bottle. Cutting the bottle with a utility knife and using the glue gun are done under an adult or teacher; connecting the wire, socket and lamp to the mains is done only with the power switched off by a qualified master or the teacher, and a pupil never does it alone. At the end of the project the cost price is calculated, the environmental assessment made and the presentation given.

Worked examples
Cost price: bottle 2 thousand, spoons 100 × 150 so‘m = 15 thousand, wire 1 thousand, socket 4 thousand, LED 8 thousand so‘m; total 2 + 15 + 1 + 4 + 8 = 30 thousand so‘m.
If a similar shop plafond costs 70 thousand so‘m, the home-made one saves 70 − 30 = 40 thousand so‘m; but time and safety must be counted too.
Class activity

Fill in a “work sheet” for the plafond project’s 5 stages: 1–2 lines per stage. Then sketch your own plafond design (shape, colour, pattern) and estimate the material cost. Connecting electrical parts is only for the teacher or a master: your task is the design and the outer shade.

Practice
1
Why is an LED lamp often used in a plafond?
2
Name 4 items from the plafond materials list.
3
120 spoons at 150 so‘m each. What is the total in so‘m?
4
Why does a pupil not do the electrical connection alone?