38
Poems by Maxtumquli
Textbook: pp. 245–249
GoalUnderstand Maxtumquli’s poem “Adolat yaxshi” and his poetic contest with the poet Turdi.
New words
generosity · saxovatjustice · adolatprotection · himoyapoetic contest · aytishuv
Explanation
In the poem “Adolat yaxshi” the poet advises people to good qualities: not to speak harsh words, not to deal closely with the miser, to show kindness to an orphan, to say sweet words to the sorrowful and to protect the weak. A true young man is one whose deeds match his words; it is good when a bey is generous and a shah is just. In the contest “Shoir bo‘lsang, xabar ber” Maxtumquli asks six rounds of riddle-questions and the poet Turdi answers: the answers include many things such as a crop, a snake, a fish, a shroud, a butterfly, the heart, a meeting, a shepherd and a lamb. The contest shows the poets’ knowledge and quick wit.
Worked examples
Example: “kindness to the orphan” is a test of humanity: how we treat the weak shows a person’s worth.
Example: in the contest the question is put like a poetic riddle, and the answer is returned in the same form.
Class activity
With a classmate, play a “contest”: make two poetic riddle-questions and answers.
Practice
1
What attitude to the orphan does the poet advise in “Adolat yaxshi”?
To greet him with a kind face and, if possible, give him food.
2
What does the poem’s advice to the bey and the shah mean?
That generosity and justice befit rulers.
3
Between whom is the contest?
Maxtumquli and the poet Turdi.
4
Why is such a contest useful?
It tests knowledge, wit and fluency, and discusses social and moral questions.