☰ Contents · Literature

Maxtumquli

Lessons 37–38 · 2 lessons · Q. Yo‘ldoshev, B. Qosimov, V. Qodirov, J. Yo‘ldoshbekov. Literature, Grade 7. “Sharq” publishing house, Tashkent, 2017 (revised 4th edition)
38

Poems by Maxtumquli

Textbook: pp. 245–249
GoalUnderstand Maxtumquli’s poem “Adolat yaxshi” and his poetic contest with the poet Turdi.
New words
generosity · saxovatjustice · adolatprotection · himoyapoetic contest · aytishuv
Explanation

In the poem “Adolat yaxshi” the poet advises people to good qualities: not to speak harsh words, not to deal closely with the miser, to show kindness to an orphan, to say sweet words to the sorrowful and to protect the weak. A true young man is one whose deeds match his words; it is good when a bey is generous and a shah is just. In the contest “Shoir bo‘lsang, xabar ber” Maxtumquli asks six rounds of riddle-questions and the poet Turdi answers: the answers include many things such as a crop, a snake, a fish, a shroud, a butterfly, the heart, a meeting, a shepherd and a lamb. The contest shows the poets’ knowledge and quick wit.

Worked examples
Example: “kindness to the orphan” is a test of humanity: how we treat the weak shows a person’s worth.
Example: in the contest the question is put like a poetic riddle, and the answer is returned in the same form.
Class activity

With a classmate, play a “contest”: make two poetic riddle-questions and answers.

Practice
1
What attitude to the orphan does the poet advise in “Adolat yaxshi”?
2
What does the poem’s advice to the bey and the shah mean?
3
Between whom is the contest?
4
Why is such a contest useful?