33
Rhyme and radif
Textbook: pp. 230–231
GoalTell rhyme, raviy and radif apart.
New words
rhyme · qofiyaraviy, anchor sound of a rhyme · raviyradif, repeated word(s) after the rhyme · radifmuqayyad (closed) rhyme · muqayyad qofiya
Explanation
Rhyme is the harmony of similar-sounding words that gives a poem its musicality. This sameness is produced by the raviy, the supporting sound (a vowel or consonant), in the rhyming words; the raviy stands in the same fixed place in rhyming words. A rhyme ending with the raviy is muqayyad (closed), and one with letters after the raviy is mutlaq. Only long vowels can be a raviy, which is why in “lola – piyola” the raviy is the consonant “l”, not “a”. A word or words repeated after the rhyme are called radif, for example “sog‘indim” or the three-word “aylamakni mendin o‘rgandi”.
Worked examples
Example: in the rhyme “kitob – javob” the raviy is “b”; in “kitob bilan – javob bilan” the radif is “bilan”.
Example: in “yo‘l – qo‘l” the raviy is “l”, and since the rhyme ends with the raviy, it is muqayyad.
Class activity
Find the raviy in the pair “ko‘ngil – dil” and name the kind of rhyme.
Practice
1
What is a raviy?
The supporting sound in the rhyming words.
2
What is radif and where does it come?
A word or words repeated after the rhyme.
3
In “lola – piyola” which sound is the raviy?
The consonant “l”.
4
What is the difference between muqayyad and mutlaq rhyme?
In muqayyad the rhyme ends with the raviy; in mutlaq letters continue after it.