Metalworking machines and their structure
School workshops use a horizontal milling machine to work vertical and horizontal surfaces; its table can move crosswise and vertically. The machine has safety devices: if the screen that stops flying chips is not lowered, the machine will not start. A drilling machine makes holes in parts; it has a base, work table, chuck, spindle head, electric motor and start and stop buttons. In large factories drilling is done on computer-controlled numerical machines and industrial robots, run by highly skilled setters. A machine is started only by the teacher or a trained master; pupils never switch it on by themselves.
Machine map: pupils draw a two-column table (machine – purpose: milling – shaped surface; drilling – hole). The teacher shows the machines switched off. Approaching or touching a machine only with the teacher’s permission and supervision; do not touch buttons.