5
Ekologik muammolar (A)
Darslik: 26–29-betlar
MaqsadBirinchi va ikkinchi shartli gaplar (Conditional I, II) bilan ekologik muammolarni muhokama qilish; pollution, damage, reduce, recycle so‘zlari.
Yangi so‘zlar
ifloslanish · pollutionzarar yetkazmoq · damagekamaytirmoq · reduceqayta ishlamoq · recycle
Tushuntirish
Birinchi shartli gap (Conditional I) real, ro‘y berishi mumkin bo‘lgan vaziyatni bildiradi: If + Present Simple, will + fe’l. If factories reduce smoke, the air will become cleaner. Ikkinchi shartli gap (Conditional II) hozirgi yoki kelajakdagi xayoliy yoki ehtimoli kam vaziyat uchun: If + Past Simple, would + fe’l. If I were the mayor, I would plant a thousand trees. Ikkinchi shartlida to be fe’li ko‘pincha barcha shaxslarda were bo‘ladi: If I were you... Gapning boshida if-gap kelsa vergul qo‘yiladi, oxirida kelsa – yo‘q: We will save water if we fix the tap.
Namunalar
If every family sorted its rubbish, the city would recycle far more paper and glass.
If you leave the tap running, you will waste several litres of water.
Sinfda faoliyat
«Chain reaction»: o‘quvchi If bilan boshlaydi, keyingisi natijani keyingi if-gap boshiga aylantiradi (If we cut trees, birds will lose homes. If birds lose homes, ...).
Mashq
1
Complete (Conditional I): If it rains tomorrow, we ___ (not / clean) the river bank.
won’t clean
2
Complete (Conditional II): If I ___ (have) a garden, I would grow vegetables.
had
3
Which is real and which is imaginary? (a) If I find a plastic bottle, I will recycle it. (b) If I were a fish, I would never swim in a dirty river.
(a) real, first conditional; (b) imaginary, second conditional
4
Why do we say “If I were you” and not “If I was you” in careful English?
In the second conditional the subjunctive were is used for all persons to show the situation is imaginary.