Oila daraxti (family tree) so‘zlari: grandparents, great-grandfather, uncle, aunt, cousin, nephew, niece, sibling (aka-uka, opa-singil), ancestors (ajdodlar) va descendants (avlodlar). Insho uch qismdan iborat: introduction (shaxs kim, nima uchun mashhur), body (hayoti, yutuqlari – har bir paragraf bitta fikrga bag‘ishlanadi) va conclusion (xulosa, shaxsiy fikr). Har paragraf mavzu gapi (topic sentence) bilan boshlanadi. Gaplarni bog‘lash uchun first, then, later, as a result, in conclusion kabi bog‘lovchilardan foydalaning. Tarixiy voqealar uchun Past Simple, ulardan oldinroq bo‘lgan ishlar uchun Past Perfect qo‘llanadi (Before he moved to Herat, he had studied in Samarkand). Internationally famous – jahon miqyosida mashhur degani.
Namunalar
My father’s brother is my uncle, and his daughter is my cousin. My grandmother’s grandfather is my great-great-grandfather, one of my ancestors.
Topic sentence: Ibn Sina is known all over the world as a physician. Linking: First he studied medicine; later he wrote a great medical book; as a result, doctors used it for hundreds of years.
Sinfda faoliyat
«Family tree race»: guruhlar o‘z oilasining 3 avlodli daraxtini doskaga tez chizib, har bir qarindoshni inglizcha belgilaydi.
Mashq
1
What do we call your mother’s sister’s son?
cousin
2
Complete the topic sentence: Babur was a ruler and a ___ (writer / writing).
writer
3
Put in order: conclusion, introduction, body.
introduction, body, conclusion
4
Why should every paragraph have only one main idea?
So the reader can follow the essay easily and each paragraph has a clear purpose.