Lessons 4 · 1 lessons · S. Yu. Islambekova, Yu. Yu. Musurmanova, Z. Kh. Abduraimova, L. N. Tagieva. Russian Language, Grade 10 (textbook for secondary, specialised secondary and vocational institutions with Uzbek and other languages of instruction), 1st edition. DAVR NASHRIYOTI, Tashkent, 2017
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§ 4. Paronyms. Homonyms
Textbook: pp. 11–13
GoalDistinguish paronyms and homonyms, choose paronyms correctly in a sentence, and tell homonyms from polysemantic words.
Paronyms are words that are close in sound and structure (often with the same root) but differ in meaning: «одеть – надеть», «экономный – экономичный». Confusing them spoils the sense of a sentence: «одеть» means to dress someone, «надеть» means to put something on oneself. Homonyms are words with the same spelling and sound but unrelated meanings: «лук» (the vegetable) and «лук» (the weapon). Unlike the meanings of a polysemantic word, those of homonyms have nothing in common. There are also kinds of homonyms: homographs («замок» – «за́мок»), homophones («луг» – «лук»: at the end of the word [г] is devoiced and sounds like [к]) and homoforms («три», a numeral and the imperative of «тереть»). Check the meaning of paronyms and homonyms in a dictionary.
Worked examples
«Экономный человек» (thrifty) and «экономичный двигатель» (cheap to run): the second word describes a thing.
Homonyms: «Старый замок стоял на холме» (a castle) and «Он закрыл дверь на замок» (a lock); stress: «за́мок» – «замо́к».
Class activity
“Which is right?” The teacher reads a sentence with a gap and two paronyms; groups hold up the right card.
Practice
1
Complete: «Утром я … тёплую куртку» (одел / надел).
надел
2
Are «лук» (vegetable) and «лук» (weapon) homonyms or one polysemantic word?
Homonyms: there is no link between the meanings.
3
Mark the stress and give the meaning: «замок».
за́мок – крепость; замо́к – устройство для запирания
4
Why can «экономный» and «экономичный» not replace each other?
«Экономный» describes a thrifty person or action, «экономичный» a machine or method that costs little to run.