☰ Contents · Russian language

Word structure and word formation

Lessons 6 · 1 lessons · S. Yu. Islambekova, Yu. Yu. Musurmanova, Z. Kh. Abduraimova, L. N. Tagieva. Russian Language, Grade 10 (textbook for secondary, specialised secondary and vocational institutions with Uzbek and other languages of instruction), 1st edition. DAVR NASHRIYOTI, Tashkent, 2017
6

§ 6. Word structure and ways of word formation

Textbook: pp. 16–18
GoalFind the parts of a word (root, prefix, suffix, ending) and tell the ways of word formation apart.
New words
основа (stem) · основа (negiz)окончание (ending) · окончание (so‘z o‘zgartiruvchi qo‘shimcha)корень (root) · корень (o‘zak)словообразование (word formation) · словообразование (so‘z yasalishi)
Explanation

A Russian word consists of a stem and an ending. The stem carries the lexical meaning; the ending forms the word form and links words together. Unchangeable words («метро», «вчера») have no ending, and some changeable words have a zero ending: «стол», «брат». The stem is made of the root, prefix and suffix. The ways of word formation are: by prefix («прочитать» ← «читать»), by suffix («учитель» ← «учить»), by prefix and suffix together («подоконник» ← «окно»), by compounding («пешеход»), without a suffix («выход» ← «выходить») and by passing from one part of speech to another («столовая», «мороженое»).

Worked examples
«Писатель»: root «пис-», suffixes «-а-» and «-тель», zero ending; formed from «писать» by the suffix method.
«Подоконник» ← «окно»: the prefix «под-» and the suffix «-ник» were added at the same time: the prefix-suffix method.
Class activity

“Word builders”. Cards carry roots, prefixes and suffixes; groups build as many words as they can and name the formation method.

Practice
1
What is the ending of «улицах» in «на улицах»?
2
Which word has a zero ending: «рука, брат, окно, синий»?
3
Name the formation method: «подписать», «писатель», «пешеход».
4
Why do «метро» and «кофе» have no ending?