Ko‘chirma va o‘zlashtirma gap

Birovning gapini ikki xil yetkazish mumkin. Direct Speech (ko‘chirma gap) so‘zlarni aynan keltiradi: She says, “I follow sports news.” Indirect Speech (o‘zlashtirma gap) mazmunni o‘z so‘zlarimiz bilan aytadi: She says that she follows sports news. Reporting verb says (hozirgi zamonda) bo‘lsa, gap ichidagi zamon o‘zgarmaydi: says, “I am tired” → says that she is tired. Faqat olmoshlar mantiqqa ko‘ra almashadi: I → he/she, we → they, my → his/her, our → their. That ni tushirib qoldirish mumkin: She says she reads the news. Tinish belgilari: ko‘chirma gapda qo‘shtirnoq va vergul, o‘zlashtirma gapda ular yo‘q.