Lessons 22 · 1 lessons · L. Jurayev, M. Abdullayeva, H. Tuhtarova, S. Khan, L. Tsoy, K. Inogamova, L. Matskevich, R. Ziryanova. Fly High English 9 (English, Grade 9), revised and expanded 2nd edition. “Yangiyo‘l Poligraf Servis”, Tashkent, 2014
22
Unit 3: grammar and homework
Textbook: pp. 36–37
GoalUnit 3 review: non-defining who / which clauses with commas, instructions with before / after, extra information with when and where.
New words
non-defining clause · qo‘shimcha ma’lumot beruvchi gapinstructions · yo‘riqnomacompulsory subject · majburiy fanoptional subject · tanlov fani
Explanation
A non-defining clause does not identify the noun; it only adds a new fact, and the main sentence is clear without it. It is separated by commas and does not begin with that: Alisher Navoi, who wrote in Chagatai Turkic, is buried in Herat. The stadium, which was built in 1996, holds 30,000 people. We use when for time and where for place: In July we visited Termez, where my uncle works. I still remember 2019, when I started this school. In instructions, before / after is followed by -ing or a full clause: Before sending the e-mail, read it through once more. After using the paints, wash the brushes. These sentences give a clear order of steps.
Worked examples
Tashkent, which is the capital of Uzbekistan, has an old metro. – My grandfather, who is seventy, walks every morning.
Before starting the experiment, put on safety glasses. After cutting the paper, put the scissors back in the box.
Class activity
“Add a fact”: the teacher gives a sentence (Our school has a library) and pairs add one extra fact with a comma + which / who.
Practice
1
Join the sentences: Samarkand is an old city. It has famous squares.
Samarkand, which has famous squares, is an old city. (or: Samarkand is an old city, which has famous squares.)
2
Choose: We visited Bukhara, ___ my aunt lives. (where / which)
where
3
Write an instruction with before: what must you do before leaving the chemistry room?
Before leaving the laboratory, wash your hands and switch off the equipment.
4
Why is that not used in a non-defining clause?
Because a comma clause uses which / who; that is used only in defining clauses.