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Ancient theatre, puppets and reported commands

Lessons 64–65 · 2 lessons · S. Khan, L. Kamalova, L. Jurayev. Teens’ English 8 (English, Grade 8). “O‘qituvchi” Publishing House, Tashkent, 2020
64

Ancient theatres

Textbook: p. 78
GoalAncient theatres and puppet theatre: tragedy, comedy, audience, puppet; counting years from BC dates; the + adjective (the rich, the poor).
New words
audience · tomoshabintragedy · fojia (fojiaviy pyesa)puppeteer · qo‘g‘irchoqbozmarionette · ip bilan boshqariladigan qo‘g‘irchoq
Explanation

In Europe drama developed in ancient Greece, in Athens, roughly in the 6th–5th centuries BC. A tragedy is a serious play, often with a sad ending; a comedy is a funny play. Ancient Greek playwrights: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides (tragedy) and Aristophanes (comedy). Only men acted and they wore masks; plays were staged in huge theatres under the open sky in front of thousands of people. Counting years: to work out how long ago a BC date was, add its number to this year’s number: 500 BC → 500 + 2026 = 2526 years ago. Puppet types: a glove puppet (worn on the hand) and a marionette (moved with strings). Uzbek traditional street puppet shows, such as “Chodir Jamol”, were played from behind a screen; in Japan’s Bunraku puppet theatre three people operate each puppet. The + adjective names a whole group: the rich = rich people, the elderly, the homeless, the talented (always plural in meaning: The homeless need shelter).

Worked examples
The ancient Greek theatre in Epidaurus is famous for its excellent sound: a person on the stage can be heard by the audience in the last rows. Plays there were performed about 2,300 years ago. In a puppet show a puppeteer moves the figures with his hand or with strings. A good show is loved by the old and the young.
How long ago? 400 BC → 400 + 2026 = 2426 years ago. The Greek playwright Sophocles lived in the 5th century BC.
Class activity

“How many years ago?”: BC date cards (500 BC, 400 BC, 300 BC); pairs work out how many years ago each was.

Practice
1
Calculate: how many years ago was 300 BC? (counting from 2026)
2
Tragedy or comedy: a play with a funny plot.
3
Which puppet is moved with strings?
4
Why did ancient theatres need good sound?