Lessons 49–50 · 2 lessons · B. To‘xliyev, B. Karimov, K. Usmonova. Literature: textbook-collection for Grade 11 of secondary schools and for students of secondary specialised and vocational institutions, Parts 1–2. 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2018
50
Poems of the independence period
Textbook: Part 2, pp. 91–104
GoalUnderstand the content of sample poems of the independence period by Jamol Kamol, Oydin Hojiyeva, Usmon Azim, Xurshid Davron, Mahmud Toir, Sirojiddin Sayyid and Iqbol Mirzo.
New words
radif (a refrain word repeated at the end of lines) · radifantithesis (opposition) · antiteza (qarama-qarshilik)apostrophe (direct address) · murojaatcouplet and stanza · bayt va band
Explanation
Jamol Kamol’s (b. 1938) “Asr bilan vidolashuv” is a farewell to the twentieth century: it counts the century’s hopes and perils, scientific advances (for example reaching space), harsh blows, the drying of the Aral Sea, and then the joy of a free homeland. In “Mustaqil vatanni baxt nuri chaysin” Oydin Hojiyeva (b. 1942) praises a hard-working woman – a mother, a lady of the house – and wishes that her daughters and sons be happy in a free country. In “Grafika” Usmon Azim (b. 1950) sets black and white against each other and conveys feelings of longing, separation and sorrow; in “Men ko‘ksingga boshimni qo‘ydim” Xurshid Davron (b. 1952) addresses the homeland as “mother of my heart” and says that he loves the Oqdaryo and the Qoradaryo. In “Momo yer” Mahmud Toir (b. 1952) follows each stanza with the line “Momo yerim, o‘zing berding” and shows that the feeling of the homeland comes from the soil and nature; in “Vatan” Sirojiddin Sayyid (b. 1958) makes the word “Vatan” the radif and recalls writers such as Cho‘lpon, Fitrat and Qodiriy with respect; in “O‘zbek” Iqbol Mirzo (b. 1967) expresses love for his people’s history, heroes and weddings and festivals.
Worked examples
Example: the title “Grafika” comes from the play of black and white; black stands for sorrow, white for longing and pure feeling, so the title matches the poem’s method of depiction.
Example: in Sayyid’s poem each stanza ends with the word “Vatan” as radif: “naysonim, Vatan,” “rayhonim, Vatan” – the word joins a new image each time.
Class activity
Choose one poem and write a six-to-eight-sentence review: the poet and birth year, the main theme, one image, one device, and the part you liked.
Practice
1
Which century is Jamol Kamol’s poem a farewell to?
The twentieth century.
2
Who is the main image in Oydin Hojiyeva’s poem and what wish does the poet express for her?
A hard-working mother-woman; the poet wishes her children be happy in a free homeland and her home be abundant.
3
Which line is repeated in Mahmud Toir’s “Momo yer” and what device does it exemplify?
“Momo yerim, o‘zing berding” – takrir (refrain).
4
In Sirojiddin Sayyid’s “Vatan” what is the radif and what does it give the poem?
The radif is the word “Vatan”; it unites every stanza and allows many different images of the homeland to be listed.