Lessons 48 · 1 lessons · B. To‘xliyev, B. Karimov, K. Usmonova. Literature: textbook-collection for Grade 11 of secondary schools and for students of secondary specialised and vocational institutions, Parts 1–2. 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2018
48
About Rauf Parfi’s poems
Textbook: Part 2, pp. 84–87
GoalRead the commentary on Rauf Parfi’s poems and learn the ways of analysing a poem (imagery, takrir, tavze’, tazod, tashxis).
New words
analysis · tahliltavze’ (a device of repeated sound or word patterns) · tavze’tazod (antithesis; opposed meanings set against each other) · tazodsymbolic language · ramziy til
Explanation
In the textbook’s commentary Parfi is described as a poet who entered poetry in the 1960s and won his own place with his poems; Homeland, mother, human being and nature are said to be the leading themes. The commentary recalls that behind the sun–cannon comparison in “Tong otmoqda” lies the physical fact that light spreads as a stream of particles, and stresses that the poem cannot be grasped in one reading. In “Yomg‘ir yog‘ar” it says the lyric hero’s state of mind under the rain opens gradually across the stanzas, and the word “ko‘ngil” (heart) gives the poem its artistic power; the author names takrir, tavze’ and tazod as the main devices there. In “Yoz kechasi” it shows how the poet’s senses of hearing, sight and smell merge, and how the sound “ch” echoes the grasshoppers’ tune. At the end the reader is advised to comment independently on “Yana qaytib keldim” and “Yurak” in the same way.
Worked examples
Example: In the line about the grasshoppers, the repeated “ch” sound recalls the voice of tiny insects – a musical sound effect (alliteration).
Example: Saying “the heart begins to pour” instead of a plain “I wrote” is symbolic language, not simple narration, so the poem becomes stronger.
Class activity
Independent analysis: choose “Yurak” or “Yana qaytib keldim” and analyse it with a five-point plan: theme, lyric “I,” two images, one device, final mood.
Practice
1
According to the commentary, which themes lead in Parfi’s poetry?
Homeland, mother, human being and nature.
2
Why is the sun–cannon comparison in “Tong otmoqda” not accidental?
Because the spreading of light as a stream of particles is a physical fact: the poet turned that fact into an image.
3
Show the difference between takrir and tazod with one example of each.
Takrir – a line coming again (e.g. the rain line six times); tazod – setting opposite meanings side by side (e.g. grief and joy).
4
Why, according to the commentary, is the word “ko‘ngil” important in the last line of “Yomg‘ir yog‘ar”?
It lifts the poem out of plain narration and makes it symbolic and artistically stronger: a poem is a phenomenon of the heart.