Lessons 24–25 · 2 lessons · B. To‘xliyev, B. Karimov, K. Usmonova. Literature: textbook-collection for Grade 11 of secondary schools and for students of secondary specialised and vocational institutions, Parts 1–2. 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2018
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“Xazon yaprog‘i yanglig‘ gul yuzung hajrida sarg‘ardim...”
Textbook: Part 1, pp. 161–163
GoalAnalyse Bobur’s ghazal “Xazon yaprog‘i yanglig‘…”: its images, harmony of images (tanosub) and lyric hero.
New words
autumn leaf, fallen leaf · xazonharmony of images, a poetic device · tanosublyric hero · lirik qahramonseparation from the beloved · hijron
Explanation
In the ghazal the lyric hero says that in separation from his beloved he has turned yellow like an autumn leaf; so images linked with the colour yellow – xazon, sarg‘ardim, chehrayi zardim – dominate from the first couplet. In contrast, the beloved is called “rose-faced” and “tulip-cheeked,” and in the second couplet she is likened to a cypress, but the poet stresses the cypress’s “sarkash” (defiant) nature, bringing novelty to a traditional image. In the third couplet the leaf alludes to human life being torn from the garden of the world; in the fourth, tears and face are likened to the leaf, and a tone of escaping the people’s dislike is felt. In the fifth couplet the search for the star of fortune among the pages of a notebook is expressed, and in the maqta‘ indifference to the people’s praise or blame. The textbook names tanosub, the harmony of images connected with autumn and the fallen leaf, as the poem’s chief device.
Worked examples
Example: The expressions “rose-faced” and “tulip-cheeked” are set against the yellow “xazon” – the colour contrast heightens the lyric hero’s state of separation.
Example: Saying in the maqta‘ that the people’s blame and praise are equal shows that the lyric hero, having experienced much, has a world of his own.
Class activity
Colour map: write the words connected with yellow and with rose-green colours in two columns (hero – beloved).
Practice
1
Which feeling does autumn express in the ghazal?
Separation, grief and the transience of life.
2
With which images is the beloved depicted and how do they differ from the hero’s?
Rose, tulip-cheeked, cypress – fresh, young and green-red; the hero is a yellowed autumn leaf.
3
Explain the device of tanosub with an example from the ghazal.
Related notions – xazon, yellowing, autumn, leaf – blend into one theme.
4
Why is the hero indifferent to the people’s praise and blame?
Because he has experienced many things in life and has his own independent inner world, which comforts him.