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Stylistics of tense suffixes

Уроки 16 · 1 урок · N.M. Mahmudov, A.Sh. Sobirov, Y.R. Odilov, G.Sh. Ziyodullayeva. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 10, 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
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Stylistics of tense suffixes

Textbook: pp. 53–56
ЦельIdentify stylistic meanings of tense forms (transfer, solemnity, habitual meaning).
Новые слова
tense form · zamon shaklitransfer of tense meaning · zamon ma’nosining ko‘chishihistorical present · tarixiy hozirgi zamonhabitual / general meaning · odatiylik
Объяснение

The tense forms of the verb show that an action is in the past, present or future. But according to style and speech situation tense forms can change places and their meaning can shift. Of the present-tense forms -yapti belongs to conversation, -moqda to written text and -yotir to poetic speech; the future form in -ajak gives solemnity. In conversation the past form in -di sometimes stands in place of the present or future: «Men ketdim, xayr!» (“I’m off, bye!”, I am leaving now), «Yuring, ketdik!» (“Come on, let’s go!”, we will go). In artistic and colloquial speech narrating a past event in the present tense (the historical present) makes the account lively. In the scientific style the present-future form (-a, -y) shows not a definite time but a general and habitual state: «Ravish harakatning belgisini bildiradi» (“The adverb denotes a feature of an action”).

Примеры
Historical present: «Kecha bozorga ketayotsam, bir bola yugurib keladi-da, qo‘limdan ushlaydi» (“Yesterday as I was going to the market, a boy comes running and grabs my hand”) – the event is past, the form is present.
General meaning and transfer: «Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi» (“The sun rises in the east”, a general truth); «Mana, keldim!» (“Here I am!”, a conversational remark of someone who is just arriving).
Работа в классе

“Switch the tense”: the group narrates a past event and then retells it in the historical present.

Упражнения
1
Name three forms of the present tense and their stylistic markedness.
2
What meaning does the tense express in «Suv 100 °C da qaynaydi»?
3
In which tense meaning is the past form in «Yuring, ketdik!»?
4
Why does a writer sometimes tell a past event in the present tense?