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Terms, trade vocabulary and idioms

Уроки 10 · 1 урок · N.M. Mahmudov, A.Sh. Sobirov, Y.R. Odilov, G.Sh. Ziyodullayeva. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 10, 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
10

Stylistics of terms, trade vocabulary and idioms

Textbook: pp. 34–37
ЦельIdentify the difference between a term, a trade word and an idiom and their stylistic functions.
Новые слова
term · termintrade and craft vocabulary · kasb-hunar leksikasiidiom (set phrase) · iboraneologism (new word) · neologizm (yangi so‘z)
Объяснение

A term is the name of a scientific or scientific-technical concept; it names and describes in the scientific style and is a mark of that style. Trade and craft vocabulary means the special words of crafts such as pottery, carpentry, blacksmithing and embroidery: they are the basis of professional texts and in the artistic and publicistic styles they bring the setting and regional character to life. Idioms are figurative, set phrases with a transferred meaning; in the colloquial, artistic and publicistic styles they strengthen expressiveness, while in the scientific and official styles some idioms serve to name concepts (qaror qabul qilmoq “to adopt a decision”, nazoratga olmoq “to take under control”, kuchga kirmoq “to come into force”). New words have also multiplied in the years of independence; they too must be used in the right place and with their exact meaning.

Примеры
Terms: «gap bo‘laklari» (parts of the sentence), «sifatdosh» (participle), «tenglama» (equation), «fotosintez» (photosynthesis) – each gives an exact concept in a scientific text.
Idioms: «og‘zi qulog‘ida» (literally “mouth at the ears”: very glad); «qo‘li ochiq» (“open-handed”: generous); official ones: «kuchga kirmoq», «qaror qabul qilmoq». Trade words: «charx» (potter’s wheel), «xum» (large clay jar) – potter; «randa» (plane), «arra» (saw) – carpenter.
Работа в классе

“Who is the craftsman?”: a pupil names 3 words belonging to a trade and the class guesses the trade.

Упражнения
1
What is a term and which style does it mark?
2
Name two words belonging to pottery and their meaning.
3
Replace the idiom «og‘zi qulog‘ida» with a plain statement.
4
Why is «qaror qabul qilindi» written in a document but not «og‘zi qulog‘ida»?