☰ Contents · Natural science

Hygiene and the daily routine

Lessons 53–54 · 2 lessons · Y.V. Malikova. Natural Science Grade 3, Part 1. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023; Y.V. Malikova. Natural Science Grade 3, Part 2. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023
53

Hygiene

Textbook: Part 2, pp. 102–105
GoalKnow what hygiene is and the rules for keeping teeth, hands, hair and body clean.
New words
hygiene · gigiyenagerm · mikrobtoothbrush · tish cho‘tkasi
Explanation

Hygiene is the science of rules for keeping healthy. The word comes from ancient Greek and means “health”. Invisible germs multiply in dirt and on dirty hands and can spread illness. So we wash hands with soap for at least 20 seconds before eating, after coming in from outside and after using the toilet. We brush teeth twice a day, morning and evening, for 2 minutes; if we eat fewer sweets, teeth decay less. We wash hair once or twice a week and use our own comb. We trim nails, wash the body regularly and change underwear. We never share another person’s towel, toothbrush or comb. A visit to the dentist at least once a year is useful.

Worked examples
If hands are not washed before eating, germs can reach the mouth with food and cause stomach ache.
If we go to bed without brushing, food left in the mouth damages the teeth.
Class activity

Experiment: rub a little flour or chalk dust on both hands. Wash one without soap and the other with soap for 20 seconds. What differs? Draw a poster of hand-washing steps.

Practice
1
What is hygiene?
2
When must we wash our hands? Name 3 times.
3
How many times a day do we brush teeth?
4
Why should we not use someone else’s towel?