☰ Contents · Natural science

The life of plants, seeds and plants of Uzbekistan

Lessons 13–15 · 3 lessons · Y.V. Malikova. Natural Science Grade 3, Part 1. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023; Y.V. Malikova. Natural Science Grade 3, Part 2. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023
13

The life of plants

Textbook: Part 1, pp. 56–59
GoalKnow what each plant part does, how a plant lives in spring, summer and autumn, and how it adapts to its habitat (cactus, saxaul, camel thorn).
New words
chlorophyll · xlorofillbud · kurtakpollination · changlanish
Explanation

The root holds the plant firmly in the ground and absorbs water and minerals. The stem supports the plant and carries water from the root to the leaves. The leaf contains chlorophyll, which gives the green colour and lets the plant make food from sunlight. The flower makes seeds and the fruit protects them. In spring snow melts, roots take up water, buds open and flowers bloom; insects pollinate flowers and fruit forms where the flower was. In summer the leaves make plenty of food, and the plant stores it. In autumn chlorophyll breaks down, leaves turn yellow and red and fall, and the tree rests through winter. Plants of hot, dry places save water: a cactus stores water in its stem, saxaul has tiny scale-like leaves, and camel thorn has very long roots.

Worked examples
In autumn leaves turn yellow because the green chlorophyll breaks down and other colours show.
Camel thorn has roots reaching deep underground water, so it survives in the desert.
Class activity

Experiment “How does a plant drink?”: pour water in a glass and add a few drops of food colouring (or ink). Put in a white flower or a celery stalk. After a day the leaf and petals are coloured: water has climbed up the stem. (Safety: do not put the dye in your mouth; wash your hands afterwards.)

Practice
1
What does the root do?
2
Why do leaves turn yellow in autumn?
3
Where does a cactus store water?
4
How do insects help flowers in spring?