☰ Contents · Natural science

The plant world: kinds and forms

Lessons 11–12 · 2 lessons · Y.V. Malikova. Natural Science Grade 3, Part 1. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023; Y.V. Malikova. Natural Science Grade 3, Part 2. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023
11

The variety of the plant world

Textbook: Part 1, pp. 48–51
GoalKnow the variety of the plant world (flora), what all plants share (making food with sunlight) and the main groups (algae, moss, ferns, conifers, flowering plants).
New words
flora, the plant world · florabotany · botanikaflowering plant · gulli o‘simlik
Explanation

More than 300 thousand plant species are known on Earth. The plant world is called flora and is studied by botany. All green plants share one thing: in their leaves they use sunlight to make food (sugar) from water and carbon dioxide, and they release oxygen into the air. People and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out the carbon dioxide that plants need. The groups are: algae (in water, many microscopic); moss (low, in damp places); ferns (root, stem and leaves); conifers (needle-like leaves, seeds in cones); and flowering plants (flower, fruit and seeds). Flowering plants are the most widespread.

Worked examples
A pine is a conifer with seeds in cones. An apple tree is a flowering plant with flowers, fruit and seeds.
Moss grows on damp stones and in the shade and is only a few centimetres high.
Class activity

“Plant detective”: find 5 kinds of plants around school or home (draw them, do not pick them). Place each in a group: flowering, conifer, moss, herb. Which group was the biggest?

Practice
1
What is the plant world called and which science studies it?
2
What do plants release into the air?
3
Which group has seeds in cones?
4
List the parts of a flowering plant.