☰ Contents · Natural science

The Earth’s surface and earthquakes

Lessons 27–28 · 2 lessons · Y.V. Malikova. Natural Science Grade 3, Part 1. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023; Y.V. Malikova. Natural Science Grade 3, Part 2. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023
27

The Earth’s surface

Textbook: Part 2, pp. 6–9
GoalKnow the relief of the Earth’s surface (plain, hill, mountain, depression), the colours on a globe and map, and the kinds of landscape.
New words
relief (shape of land) · relyefglobe · globuslandscape · landshaft
Explanation

All the unevenness of the Earth’s surface is called relief. Main forms: a plain (flat land), a hill (low rises), a mountain (high, with a peak, slope and foot), and a depression (low ground, valley, hollow). A globe is a model of the Earth. On a map plains are green, mountains brown and water blue: the higher the mountain the darker the brown, the deeper the water the darker the blue. The highest mountain is Everest (Jomolungma) and the deepest place is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. A landscape is a type of place where mountains, forests, rivers, plants and animals are seen together. It can be natural (desert, forest) or made by people (city, garden, field).

Worked examples
The Fergana Valley is a plain-like hollow surrounded by mountains.
A garden in your yard is a human-made landscape; Qizilqum is a natural one.
Class activity

Plasticine relief: on cardboard model a plain (green), a hill (light brown), a mountain (dark brown) and a lake (blue). Add name flags.

Practice
1
What is relief?
2
What colours show plains, mountains and water on a map?
3
Which is the highest mountain and the deepest place?
4
Give one example each of a natural and a human-made landscape.