Lessons 21–22 · 2 lessons · B. Mengliyev, Sh. Toshmirzayeva, S. Atoyeva, S. Majidova. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 11, Part 2. “O‘qituvchi” publishing and printing creative house, Tashkent, 2020
21
Working with text and dictionary
Textbook: Part 2, pp. 74–77
GoalDistinguish text types (narrative, descriptive, reasoning) and analyse a text by title, main idea, language features and conclusion.
New words
narrative text · hikoya matnidescriptive text · tasviriy matnreasoning text · muhokama matnithesis · tezis
Explanation
A text is a unit of speech connected in meaning and grammar. By purpose it falls into three types. A narrative text gives a sequence of events and often uses past-tense verbs and words of action. A descriptive text shows the features of an object or a landscape: adjectives, comparisons and figurative expressions are frequent. A reasoning text consists of a thesis, arguments and a conclusion and relies on connectors such as “chunki” (because), “shuning uchun” (therefore), “demak” (so). The analyst asks the text questions: which title fits it? What does the author want to say? Which type is it, and what shows this? With which words and devices does the author make an impression (unknown words are looked up in a dictionary)? How can the whole content be put into one sentence? Such analysis raises reading culture; keeping a diary, too, develops one’s speech.
Worked examples
“The Old Clock”. Every morning Grandfather Fayzulla set the wall clock in the yard right, although it lost five minutes a day. His grandson said: “We’ll buy you a new clock.” Grandfather smiled: “Your father waited for his birthday by this clock.” The next day the grandson took the clock to a master. Analysis: type – narrative (sequence of events); main idea – the value of an old thing lies in memory; conclusion: “The value of a thing lies in its memory”.
Reasoning: “Why do we read books? A book increases the richness of speech, because new words and expressions are remembered in context. Besides, a person who reads books states his thought precisely. So a book is a source of speech culture.” Thesis – the first sentences; arguments – two; conclusion – the last sentence.
Class activity
“Analysis card”: groups get three kinds of text and fill a table for each: title, main idea, type, language feature, conclusion; then the results are compared.
Practice
1
Name the three text types and one feature of each.
Narrative – sequence of events; descriptive – description of features; reasoning – thesis, arguments, conclusion.
2
Determine the type: a) “Tong sovuq edi; ko‘l ustida oq tuman ko‘tarilar, qamishlar shamolda shitirlardi.” b) “Avval eshikni ochdi, so‘ng xonaga kirdi va chiroqni yoqdi.” c) “Sport foydali, chunki yurakni mustahkamlaydi; shuning uchun har kuni mashq qilish kerak.”
a) descriptive; b) narrative; c) reasoning.
3
Write another title and a one-sentence conclusion for “The Old Clock”.
For example: title – “A slow but dear clock”; conclusion – “An old thing keeps memory”.
4
Why is determining the text type important in text analysis?
Because each type has its own suitable language means; knowing the type lets us judge the author’s skill and word choice correctly.