Lessons 3 · 1 lessons · B. Mengliyev, Sh. Toshmirzayeva, S. Atoyeva, S. Majidova. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 11, Part 2. “O‘qituvchi” publishing and printing creative house, Tashkent, 2020
3
Consonants that change in speech
Textbook: Part 2, pp. 10–12
GoalSort consonants that change in speech into those shown and not shown in writing, and spell them correctly.
Consonants change in speech too. At the end of a word a voiced consonant becomes voiceless: ozod (free) – “ozot”, mavjud (existing) – “mavjut”. After a voiceless consonant -di sounds like “-ti” (yopdi – “yopti”), n before b or p is said close to m (tanbeh, reproof – “tambeh”), and in some loanwords v turns into f (avtomat – “aftomat”). These changes are not shown in spelling. In Uzbek words, however, q and k change into g‘ and g before a suffix that begins with a vowel, and this is visible in writing: quloq – qulog‘i (ear), bilak – bilagi (wrist). Loanwords such as metall, tonna, grammatika are written with double consonants even though in speech they may be said short.
Worked examples
Ozod: pronounced “ozot”, but in ozodlik, ozodim the d is heard; d is always written.
Quloq – qulog‘i and bilak – bilagi: the consonant alternation is shown in writing. Tonna, metall: a double consonant is written.
Class activity
“Listen and sort”: the teacher says 8 words with their pronunciation; students write them in two columns: “shown in writing” and “not shown”.
Practice
1
What is devoicing? Give an example.
A voiced consonant sounding voiceless at the end of a word: ozod – “ozot”.
2
Add -i to quloq, bilak, yurak, tuyoq and write the forms.
Qulog‘i, bilagi, yuragi, tuyog‘i.
3
Which letters are written twice in metall, tonna, grammatika?
ll, nn, mm.
4
Why do we write yopdi and not “yopti”?
Because the past-tense suffix -di is written the same in all verbs (keldi, yopdi); assimilation in speech is not shown in spelling.