Lessons 19 · 1 lessons · B. Mengliyev, Sh. Toshmirzayeva, S. Atoyeva, S. Majidova. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 11, Part 2. “O‘qituvchi” publishing and printing creative house, Tashkent, 2020
19
Agreement of form and content in speech
Textbook: Part 2, pp. 66–68
GoalCheck that the form of a sentence fits its content: condense redundant wording, correct clumsy constructions and continue an unfinished sentence correctly.
In cultured speech an idea is expressed concisely, logically and with a form that fits its content. Needlessly stretching a sentence, i.e. repeating one meaning with several words, is the most common clumsiness: instead of “Bu kitob juda foydali bo‘lgan kitob hisoblanadi” (this book is considered a book that is very useful) it is enough to say “Bu kitob juda foydali”. The second mistake is mixed constructions: not “mavzu bo‘yicha yuzasidan” but mavzu yuzasidan (on the subject). The third is dropping half of a correlative conjunction: garchi ... -sa-da (although), nafaqat ... balki ... ham (not only ... but also), na ... na ... (neither ... nor) must come in full. The fourth is vague word order and pronoun reference: it becomes unclear who did what to whom. Splitting a long sentence into two or three simple ones or removing redundant words makes the idea clear.
Worked examples
Condensing: “Bizning maktabimizda o‘tkazilgan tadbirda ishtirok etgan o‘quvchilarning soni yuzga yaqin o‘quvchini tashkil etdi” → “Tadbirda yuzga yaqin o‘quvchi ishtirok etdi” (nearly a hundred pupils took part in the event).
Correlative conjunction: “Garchi yomg‘ir yog‘sa-da, o‘yin davom etdi” (although it rained, the game went on). Vagueness: “O‘qituvchi o‘quvchiga daftarini berdi, u uni olib kirdi” (the teacher gave the pupil his notebook, he took it in) → make clear who took the notebook in.
Class activity
“Continue the sentence”: students in a chain finish openings such as “Garchi yomg‘ir yog‘sa-da, ...”, “Nafaqat kitob o‘qidi, ...”, “Na charchadi, ...” in a logically correct way.
Practice
1
Name 3 kinds of breaches of the agreement between form and content.
Redundant wording, mixed construction, a dropped half of a correlative conjunction or vague order.
2
Condense: “Men sizga shuni aytib o‘tmoqchi edimki, bizning sinfimizda o‘qiydigan o‘quvchilarning ko‘pchiligi kitob o‘qishni yaxshi ko‘radi”.
“Nafaqat yomg‘ir, balki shamol ham kuchaydi” (not only rain but wind also grew stronger); “Garchi charchagan bo‘lsa-da, ishini oxiriga yetkazdi” (though tired, he finished the work).
4
Why can the second half of a correlative conjunction not be dropped?
Because both parts form one unit of meaning; if one is dropped, the thought remains unfinished.