Lessons 8 · 1 lessons · B. Mengliyev, Sh. Toshmirzayeva, S. Atoyeva, S. Majidova. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 11, Part 2. “O‘qituvchi” publishing and printing creative house, Tashkent, 2020
8
Appropriate and inappropriate words in speech
Textbook: Part 2, pp. 26–29
GoalDecide whether a word is used appropriately by its meaning, style and combination with other words, and correct the mistake.
New words
appropriate word · o‘rinli so‘zword combination, collocation · so‘z birikuvistylistic mismatch · uslubiy nomuvofiqliksynonym · ma’nodosh so‘z
Explanation
For a word to be appropriate in speech it must meet three conditions: its meaning fits the situation, its style fits the type of speech, and it combines correctly with other words. The first mistake is a wrong meaning: a watch is “fastened” (taqiladi), clothes are “put on” (kiyiladi), so “soat kiydi” is wrong. The second is a stylistic mismatch: colloquial words and jargon sound out of place in an application or a meeting speech, and overly bookish words sound artificial in a friendly talk. The third concerns word combination: a student takes an exam (topshiradi), while a teacher gives one (oladi); similar words like ishlamoq (to work) and ishlatmoq (to use), tushunmoq (to understand) and tushuntirmoq (to explain) are also confused. Choosing the most suitable one among synonyms requires fine taste and a rich vocabulary.
Worked examples
Meaning mistake: “U soatni kiydi” → “U soatni taqdi” (he put on a watch). Combination mistake: “Domla imtihon topshirdi” → “Domla imtihon oldi” (the teacher gave the exam).
Style mistake: in an application, instead of “Menga ruxsat beringlar-da” (“let me, will you”), one says “Menga ruxsat berishingizni so‘rayman” (“I ask you to permit me”).
Class activity
“Find the mistake”: teams get 6 sentences with an inappropriate word, name the type of mistake (meaning, style, combination) and write the correct form; the fastest accurate team wins.
Practice
1
What conditions must a word meet to be appropriate?
Its meaning fits the situation, its style fits the speech type, and it combines correctly with other words.
2
Choose from the brackets: a) The student (topshirdi/oldi) the exam. b) The teacher (topshirdi/oldi) the exam.
a) topshirdi (took); b) oldi (gave).
3
Correct: “Opam menga bu qoidani yaxshi tushundi” and “Men telefonni kuniga ko‘p ishlayman”.
“Opam menga bu qoidani yaxshi tushuntirdi” (explained); “Men telefonni kuniga ko‘p ishlataman” (use).
4
Why is “Hoy, nari tur!” inappropriate at a school meeting?
Because it is a rude colloquial expression; a formal setting calls for a polite, cultured one (“Please, make way”).