Lessons 32 · 1 lessons · F. Rashidova, N. Tillayeva, M. Xamzayeva, G. Ristiboyeva. English, Pupil’s Book, Grade 11, 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston” NMIU, Tashkent, 2018
32
How to avoid plagiarism (B)
Textbook: pp. 134–137
GoalParaphrasing practice: changing synonyms and structure; planning an essay; building complex sentences with relative clauses.
New words
synonym · sinonimstructure · tuzilmarephrase · qayta ifodalamoqoriginal text · asl matn
Explanation
Paraphrasing has three steps: 1) understand the original and explain it to yourself in one or two sentences; 2) write it in your own words without looking; 3) compare with the original to check that the meaning is the same and the wording is not. Techniques: use synonyms (big → large), change the word class (decide → decision), change the sentence order (active ↔ passive), or join two sentences with a relative clause. Technical terms, names and numbers do not change. After paraphrasing you still name the source: According to Karim (2022), ... An essay plan has an introduction (thesis), two or three main points and a conclusion.
Worked examples
Original: Many students feel stressed before exams. Paraphrase: A large number of learners experience anxiety ahead of tests.
Original: The teacher marked the papers. Paraphrase: The papers were marked by the teacher.
Class activity
“Paraphrase relay”: a sentence is passed along a row and each student rewrites it in their own words; at the end check if the meaning is intact.
Practice
1
Paraphrase: Pollution is a serious problem in many cities.
For example: In numerous towns and cities, pollution has become a major concern.
2
Change the word class: decide → noun
decision
3
Is this a good paraphrase? Original: Reading improves vocabulary. → Improving vocabulary: reading.
No, it only changes the order and keeps the same words; use synonyms and a new structure.
4
Why should the source still be named after you paraphrase?
The idea still comes from the author, so we must give credit even if the words are ours.