Lessons 31 · 1 lessons · F. Rashidova, N. Tillayeva, M. Xamzayeva, G. Ristiboyeva. English, Pupil’s Book, Grade 11, 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston” NMIU, Tashkent, 2018
31
How to avoid plagiarism (A)
Textbook: pp. 130–133
GoalWays to avoid plagiarism: quote, paraphrase, summarise, cite; reviewing and extending relative clauses (with prepositions, reduced).
New words
quote · iqtibos keltirmoqcite · manbaga havola qilmoqsummarise · qisqacha bayon qilmoqreference list · adabiyotlar ro‘yxati
Explanation
There are four ways to avoid plagiarism: 1) quote – copy the exact words inside quotation marks and name the source; 2) paraphrase – keep the meaning but change the words and structure and still name the source; 3) summarise – give the main points briefly; 4) cite every source and add a reference list at the end. Relative clauses help to define these terms: A paraphrase is a sentence that expresses the same idea in different words. With a preposition: the article from which I took the idea (formal) or the article I took the idea from (informal). We also use whom for a person as the object (formal) and when for time: the author whom we quoted; the day when the essay is due. Reduced clauses: the student who is writing the essay → the student writing the essay; the book which was written in 2010 → the book written in 2010.
Worked examples
The report, which was published last year, is the source that we cite in our introduction.
Students using online material must always name the website they took it from.
Class activity
“Quote or paraphrase?”: the teacher reads five sentences; students decide which technique to use and give a short reason.
Practice
1
Reduce the clause: The man who is standing near the door is our supervisor.
The man standing near the door is our supervisor.
2
Complete with a preposition: This is the book ___ which I found the quote.
in
3
Which technique? You copy a famous definition word for word and put it in quotation marks with the author’s name.
quote
4
Why is it not enough just to change two or three words of a sentence you copied?
The structure and ideas are still the author’s, so it is still plagiarism; a real paraphrase changes the wording and structure and also names the source.