☰ Mundarija · Ingliz tili

Ixtirolar va fan

Darslar 43–44 · 2 ta dars · S. Xan, L. Kamalova, L. Jo‘rayev. Teens’ English 8 (Ingliz tili, 8-sinf). «O‘qituvchi» nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyi, Toshkent, 2020
44

Fan nima?

Darslik: 55-bet
MaqsadFan nima; koinot haqida taxmin: must, may, might, could; if I were ..., I would ... (xayoliy shart).
Yangi so‘zlar
koinot · universemodda · matterfan tarmog‘i · branch of scienceKatta portlash · the Big Bang
Tushuntirish

Science so‘zi lotincha scientia – «bilim» so‘zidan olingan. Fan kuzatish, tajriba va dalillarga tayanadi. Fan tarmoqlari: physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, geology. Koinot taxminan 13,8 milliard yil oldin Katta portlash (the Big Bang) natijasida paydo bo‘lgan deb hisoblanadi, Yer esa taxminan 4,5 milliard yoshda. Noaniqlikni bildirish uchun modal fe’llar: must be – deyarli aniq (There are lights on. They must be at home); may / might / could be – ehtimol (It may rain. That could be a comet). Ularning ortidan to‘g‘ri fe’l keladi: may know, might come. Ehtimol, maybe, perhaps, probably so‘zlari ham shuni anglatadi. Xayoliy shart: If I were an astronomer, I would study the stars. (If … were …, … would + fe’l).

Namunalar
There is a bright light in the sky tonight. It might be a planet, it could be an aeroplane, but it must be something far away, because it looks so tiny. Perhaps it is Venus, because Venus is often very bright.
If I were an astronomer, I would study how stars are born. If I were a biologist, I would look for life in the oceans.
Sinfda faoliyat

«Sirli quti»: o‘qituvchi quti ichidagi narsani tasvirlamay, ovozini chiqaradi; o‘quvchilar It may be ..., It could be ..., It must be ... bilan taxmin qiladi.

Mashq
1
To‘ldiring: The lights are on. They ___ be at home. (deyarli aniq)
2
To‘ldiring: It ___ rain tomorrow. (ehtimol)
3
To‘ldiring: If I ___ a scientist, I would study the Moon.
4
Koinot taxminan qachon paydo bo‘lgan?