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The linked composite sentence. Copulative conjunctions
Уроки 11–12 · 2 урока · N.M. Mahmudov, A. Nurmonov, A.Sh. Sobirov. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 9, 4th edition. “Tasvir” Publishing House, Tashkent, 2019
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Linked composite sentences with copulative conjunctions
Textbook: p. 28
ЦельAnalyse composite sentences linked by copulative conjunctions (va, hamda) and the particles -u (-yu), -da.
Новые слова
copulative conjunction · biriktiruv bog‘lovchisisimultaneity · bir vaqtlilikreason-result · sabab-natijaas a result · natijada
Объяснение
The copulative conjunctions va and hamda join parts of a composite sentence that stand in a relation of time or reason-result. Events may happen in sequence or at the same time: “Eshik ochildi va xona yorishdi”. If there is a reason-result relation, the word “natijada” can be put before the second part: “Shamol kuchaydi va (natijada) derazalar taqilladi”. Sometimes the particles -u (-yu) and -da also work as copulative conjunctions: “Yomg‘ir tindi-yu, quyosh yana charaqladi”. Remember: “va” also joins homogeneous parts, so to tell it from a composite sentence we must count the predicates. Between parts joined by a copulative conjunction a comma is usually not put, but after -u (-yu), -da a comma is put.
Примеры
Tun yarmidan oshdi va ko‘cha jimib qoldi. (sequence; predicates: oshdi, jimib qoldi; two subjects: tun, ko‘cha)
Yomg‘ir tindi-yu, quyosh yana charaqladi. (-yu: sequence; a comma after it) Compare: Ali va Vali keldi – a simple sentence (homogeneous subjects).
Работа в классе
“Is ‘va’ the link?”: the teacher reads sentences with “va”; pupils raise a “composite” or “simple” card.
Упражнения
1
What relations do copulative conjunctions link?
Parts in a relation of time (simultaneity, sequence) and reason-result.
2
Where can “natijada” be put in “Shamol kuchaydi va derazalar taqilladi”?
After “va”: Shamol kuchaydi va natijada derazalar taqilladi.
3
Is “Ali va Vali bog‘da ishladi” composite? Explain.
No, it is simple: there is one predicate (ishladi) and “va” joins homogeneous subjects.
4
Why is a comma put after the particle “-yu”?
Because -yu works as a conjunction closing the first part, and the parts are separated by a comma.