Test on homogeneous and set-off parts; kiritmas

A word, combination or sentence that does not enter a subordinating link with sentence parts but is relevant to the content of the sentence or text is a parenthetical element (kiritma). It expresses the speaker’s attitude to the thought (confidence: shubhasiz; presumption: ehtimol; affirmation: albatta; negation), attribution of the thought to someone (ta’kidlanishicha, menimcha), the order of the thought’s parts (birinchidan, ikkinchidan) and additional explanation. It is separated from the sentence in writing by commas, dashes and sometimes brackets, and in speech by a small pause: “Ehtimol, ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘ar”. Kiritmas are simple (a word, word-sentence) and compound (combination, extended combination, sentence): “Rostini aytsam, men charchadim”. If a kiritma is removed, the structure of the sentence is not broken.