Action done to it: present passive participle

A passive participle («страдательное причастие») describes a thing to which an action is being done. The present passive participle shows that the action is happening now: «двор, подметаемый дворником» (a yard being swept by the caretaker). It is formed only from transitive imperfective verbs: take the 1st person plural and add «-ый»; the stem vowel gives «-ем-» in the first conjugation («читаем — читаемый, изучаем — изучаемый») and «-им-» in the second («любим — любимый, видим — видимый»); also «ведём — ведомый». It cannot be formed from intransitive verbs («спать, ходить»). The doer stands in the instrumental: «книга, читаемая учеником». The participle agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.