Redundant suffixes. The choice of suffixes

One suffix may have several forms: the dative case comes as -ga, -ka, -qa. Normally -ga is written (maktabga, tog‘ga), after k it is -ka (eshikka, yurakka) and after q it is -qa (quloqqa). In classical poetry the ablative form -din occurs, while in present-day literary speech -dan is used. The choice of case changes the meaning: “Do‘stimni kutdim” – I waited for my friend; “Do‘stimdan kutdim” – I expected something (help) from my friend. Sometimes cases are synonymous: “sovg‘aga xursand bo‘ldi” – “sovg‘adan xursand bo‘ldi” (was glad about the present). Word-forming suffixes are also chosen by usage: hosildor yer (fertile land), kuchli odam (a strong person) – not “hosilli”, “kuchdor”; suhbatlashmoq (to converse) – not “suhbatlanmoq”. The suffix -ni shows a definite object: “kitob o‘qiyman” (I read books in general), “kitobni o‘qiyman” (I read that particular book).