Это курс русского языка для узбекских школ: объяснения даны на узбекском и английском.
The sentence and the word combination: narrative sentence and grammatical basis
Уроки 1 · 1 урок · M. E. Rozhnova, U. T. Yaminova. Russian Language, Grade 8 (textbook for general secondary schools with Uzbek and other languages of instruction), 2nd revised edition. “Uzbekistan” Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
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§ 1. Reporting actions, facts and events: the word combination and the sentence
Textbook: pp. 3–6
ЦельTell «словосочетание» from «предложение»; find the main and the dependent word in a word combination; find the grammatical basis of a narrative sentence.
Новые слова
словосочетание · so‘z birikmasiпредложение · gapподлежащее · egaсказуемое · kesim
Объяснение
In speech, words join into word combinations or separate sentences; syntax studies them, and punctuation studies the marks between them. A word combination («словосочетание») has at least two independent words: one is the main word and the other the dependent word, and the question goes from the main word to the dependent one: «город (какой?) старинный». A sentence («предложение») is a word or group of words united by a complete thought and intonation. A sentence that reports a fact or event is a narrative sentence («повествовательное предложение»). A sentence with a subject («подлежащее») and a predicate («сказуемое») is a two-member sentence («двусоставное»); together they make the grammatical basis. A row of nouns such as «школа, ученик, учитель» is not a sentence: it has no predicate and the thought is not complete.
Примеры
Sentence and combination: «Старинный город встречает гостей». Grammatical basis: «город встречает». «Старинный город» inside it is a word combination: the main word is «город», the dependent word is «старинный» («город (какой?) старинный»).
Mini-text: «Наша семья живёт в Самарканде. Мы любим свой город. Летом к нам приезжают гости». All three are narrative sentences: they report facts and actions, and each has a subject and a predicate («семья живёт», «мы любим», «гости приезжают»).
Работа в классе
“Combination or sentence?” The teacher reads short strings («тёплый ветер», «Ветер дует»); pupils answer “combination” or “sentence” and give a reason.