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Simple and compound predicate; copulas; a Qodiriy text

Уроки 36–38 · 3 урока · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
37

Copulas (linking words)

Textbook: pp. 55–56
ЦельThe notion of the copula and its role within the predicate.
Новые слова
copula · bog‘lamasubject · eganecessary · zarurproper, due · lozim
Объяснение

An auxiliary word that enters a nominal predicate and serves to link it with the subject is called a copula. Edi, ekan, emish, bo‘lmoq, hisoblanmoq, sanalmoq and kerak, zarur, darkor, lozim work this way. A copula adds various meanings to the predicate: edi — past tense (“Uy katta edi”), ekan — something learned afterwards (“Ukam uyda ekan”), emish — hearsay, kerak, lozim — necessity. A predicate with a copula counts as compound. Edi, ekan, emish may also be written joined to the preceding word: “katta edi” — “kattaydi”.

Примеры
“Majlis ertaga ekan” — the copula ekan shows the speaker has just learned this.
“Sabr qilish zarur”, “Kitob o‘qish lozim”, “Bu ishda sinchkov bo‘lish kerak.”
Работа в классе

Find the copula: the teacher reads six sentences; pupils raise a hand when a sentence has a copula.

Упражнения
1
Find the copula in “Havo issiq edi”.
2
Name five words used as copulas.
3
Make a sentence with a copula using “kitob o‘qish”.
4
Why is a copula needed in “Bola maktabda edi”?