Этот предмет пока на узбекском и английском: в русских классах вместо него изучают «Русский язык» и «Литературное чтение». Ниже — английская версия.
Simple and compound predicate; copulas; a Qodiriy text
Уроки 36–38 · 3 урока · M. Qodirov, H. Ne’matov, M. Abduraimova, R. Sayfullayeva, B. Mengliyev. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 8, 4th edition. Cho‘lpon Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
37
Copulas (linking words)
Textbook: pp. 55–56
ЦельThe notion of the copula and its role within the predicate.
Новые слова
copula · bog‘lamasubject · eganecessary · zarurproper, due · lozim
Объяснение
An auxiliary word that enters a nominal predicate and serves to link it with the subject is called a copula. Edi, ekan, emish, bo‘lmoq, hisoblanmoq, sanalmoq and kerak, zarur, darkor, lozim work this way. A copula adds various meanings to the predicate: edi — past tense (“Uy katta edi”), ekan — something learned afterwards (“Ukam uyda ekan”), emish — hearsay, kerak, lozim — necessity. A predicate with a copula counts as compound. Edi, ekan, emish may also be written joined to the preceding word: “katta edi” — “kattaydi”.
Примеры
“Majlis ertaga ekan” — the copula ekan shows the speaker has just learned this.
“Sabr qilish zarur”, “Kitob o‘qish lozim”, “Bu ishda sinchkov bo‘lish kerak.”
Работа в классе
Find the copula: the teacher reads six sentences; pupils raise a hand when a sentence has a copula.
Упражнения
1
Find the copula in “Havo issiq edi”.
Edi is the copula; the predicate is issiq edi.
2
Name five words used as copulas.
Edi, ekan, emish, kerak, lozim (also zarur, darkor, bo‘lmoq).
3
Make a sentence with a copula using “kitob o‘qish”.
E.g. Har kuni kitob o‘qish zarur. Maqsadi kitob o‘qish ekan.
4
Why is a copula needed in “Bola maktabda edi”?
To express the past tense; without it the sentence expresses the present.