Water hardness. Practical work 2
Answers are for parents and teachers.
1
What forms when Mg(HCO₃)₂ is boiled? Write the equation.
Mg(HCO₃)₂ → MgCO₃↓ + H₂O + CO₂↑
2
How many grams of Na₂CO₃ are needed to remove 136 g of CaSO₄? (M(CaSO₄) = 136, M(Na₂CO₃) = 106)
106
3
Write a plan to identify the solid salts K₂SO₄, Na₂CO₃ and MgCO₃.
Add water: MgCO₃ does not dissolve; add acid to the other two solutions: Na₂CO₃ releases CO₂ bubbles, K₂SO₄ gives no gas (BaCl₂ gives a white BaSO₄ precipitate with it). Experiment only under the teacher’s supervision.
4
Write the molecular, full ionic and net ionic equations of CaCO₃ + 2HCl.
CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂↑; CaCO₃ + 2H⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ + H₂O + CO₂↑; CaCO₃ + 2H⁺ → Ca²⁺ + H₂O + CO₂↑.
5
Ask an adult about scale in a kettle or pot at home and write its cause with a chemical equation.
On boiling Ca(HCO₃)₂ → CaCO₃↓ + H₂O + CO₂↑; the CaCO₃ stays as scale.