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The friends’ journey
Textbook: Part 3, pp. 14–17
GoalIdentify the sequence in a text describing a process; learn how mountains and sand form.
New words
volcano · vulqonrock · jinsweathering, erosion · emirilishsand · qum
Explanation
The textbook has the text “Do‘stlar sayohati” (The friends’ journey), in which a boy talks with his father about how mountains and sand form. We do not retell it; we read our own text. In a text describing a process events come one after another; the words “avval” (first), “so‘ng” (then), “keyin” (next), “oxirida” (finally) show this. Mountains form from volcanic eruptions and from the folding or cracking and lifting of layers of the Earth’s crust. Mountain rocks are slowly worn down by wind, water and temperature and turn into small pieces and sand.
Worked examples
“From mountain to sand”. First, layers of the Earth’s crust shift and in places rise, forming high mountains. Some mountains arise from the lava and ash of volcanoes piling up. Then rain, wind and strong heat and cold slowly wear down the rocks. Big pieces break into small stones, then into sand. Because sand comes from different rocks, its colour differs too. This process is very long, lasting thousands of years. Worn rocks may fall on a mountain slope, so children do not climb steep cliffs without adults.
Sequence: 1) a mountain forms; 2) rock wears down; 3) small pieces; 4) sand.
Class activity
“Process chain”: groups draw the formation of sand in 4 pictures and write “first, then, next, finally” under them.
Practice
1
How do mountains form? Name two ways.
By the lifting of the Earth’s layers; by volcanic eruptions
2
What wears down rock?
Rain, wind, heat and cold
3
What does the colour of sand depend on?
The rock it came from
4
How long does this process last?
Thousands of years
5
State the sequence of how sand forms.
A mountain forms, rock wears down, small pieces, sand.