Review of voices, functional verb forms, the verbal noun

The verb answers “what to do?” and “what to become?” and expresses an action or state. Action verbs express physical activity (yozdi), state verbs an inner feeling or a change of state (sarg‘aydi). Verbs linking with a word in the accusative are transitive; others are intransitive. Voices show the doer’s role: active (yozdi), reflexive (yuvindi), passive (yozildi), causative (yozdirdi), cooperative (yozishdi). The choice among -n/-in, -l/-il, -sh/-ish depends on whether the stem ends in a vowel or consonant; for the causative we use -t, -dir/-tir, -giz and others.