The participle and its tense forms

The verb form specialized for the adjective is the participle. Participles are formed from verb stems with -gan (-kan, -qan), -ydigan (-adigan), -(a)yotgan, -(a)r: o‘qigan, o‘qiydigan, o‘qiyotgan, oqar. Since the participle expresses a feature of a person or thing, it resembles the adjective and answers “what kind?”. But an adjective names a permanent, stable feature, whereas a participle names a feature tied to change or action. Compare: katta daryo (a big river, adjective) and oqar daryo (a flowing river, participle). Being a verb form, the participle has tense, voice and affirmative-negative meanings.