Passive, causative and cooperative voices

-t goes on stems ending in a vowel: to‘qi — to‘qit (to weave — have woven), ishla — ishlat (to work — make work). -dir goes on one-syllable stems ending in a voiced consonant (except kel): yoz — yozdir, bil — bildir (to inform); -tir goes on stems ending in a voiceless consonant: och — ochtir, kes — kestir. Kel is an exception: keltir. The suffixes -ir, -ar, -iz go on some one-syllable verbs: shosh — shoshir (hurry), chiq — chiqar (take out), oq — oqiz (make flow). -giz/-g‘iz come after a voiced consonant and -kiz/-qiz after a voiceless one: yur — yurgiz, tur — turg‘iz, ket — ketkiz, yut — yutqiz. Sometimes two causative suffixes combine and strengthen the meaning: o‘qit — o‘qittir.