Spelling of stems and suffixes; writing together

Many words made of two stems are written together. 1. Compounds formed with parts such as xona, noma, bop, ham, baxsh, kam, umum, rang, aro are written as one word: kitobxona (library), taklifnoma (invitation), bolabop (suitable for children), hamkasb (colleague), rohatbaxsh (pleasant), kamgap (quiet), umumxalq (nationwide), pushtirang (pink), xalqaro (international). Compounds with -ar, -mas are also written together: o‘tyoqar (stoker), kechpishar (late-ripening), suvo‘tkazmas (waterproof). 2. Place names whose second part is a common noun or «obod» are written together: To‘rtko‘l, Kattaqo‘rg‘on, Yangiobod; but names like Janubiy Amerika, Shimoliy Afrika are written separately. 3. Compounds made from Russian or international parts are also written together: teleko‘rsatuv (TV programme), aviakompaniya (airline), videoyozuv (video recording).