Distinguishing-limiting and intensifying-emphasizing particles

Distinguishing-limiting particles set something apart from others and show it within limits: they give the meaning “exactly this, not another” or “no more than this”. This group includes faqat and -gina (-kina, -qina); the word “xolos”, coming at the end of a sentence, also gives a close meaning. For example: Faqat Dilshod javob berdi (Only Dilshod answered); Bir martagina ko‘rdim, xolos (I saw it just once, that’s all). -gina is written joined to the word and adapts to the sound before it: after k it is -kina, after q -qina: kecha+gina — kechagina (only yesterday), yurak+kina — yurakkina, oq+qina — oqqina. Sometimes -gina is not a particle but a lexical-form suffix giving an affectionate meaning: qizgina (dear little girl), uychagina (a cosy little house).