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Ablative, nominal predicate and case consolidation

Уроки 36–38 · 3 урока · N. Mahmudov, A. Nurmonov, A. Sobirov, D. Nabiyeva, A. Mirzaahmedov. Ona tili (Uzbek language), Grade 7, revised and expanded 4th edition. Ma’naviyat, Tashkent, 2017
36

The ablative case

Textbook: pp. 67–68
ЦельKnow the ablative case and its meanings.
Новые слова
ablative case · chiqish kelishigiablative suffix · -danadverbial of reason · sabab holistarting point · boshlanish nuqtasi
Объяснение

The ablative suffix is -dan; it usually shows where, since when or from whom an action starts. With place names it answers qayerdan? (from where?) and is an adverbial of place: Qishloqdan xat keldi (A letter came from the village). With words of time it answers qachon? (since when?) and is an adverbial of time: Tushdan keyin yomg‘ir yog‘di (It rained after noon). With names of persons or things it answers kimdan?, nimadan? (from whom? from what?) and is an object: Ustozimdan maslahat oldim (I got advice from my teacher). Sometimes -dan shows the reason for an action, answers nima sababdan? (for what reason?) and is an adverbial of reason: Charchoqdan uxlab qoldi (He fell asleep from tiredness).

Примеры
Toshkentdan Samarqandga yo‘l oldik (We set out from Tashkent to Samarkand) — “Toshkentdan”: qayerdan? place.
U xursandlikdan kuldi (He laughed for joy) — “xursandlikdan”: for what reason? reason.
Работа в классе

“Where did I come from?”: a pupil chooses a secret place; the others ask “Qayerdan keldingiz?” and the answer is in the ablative.

Упражнения
1
What is the ablative suffix?
2
Write “bozor” and “ertalab” in the ablative.
3
What adverbial is “qo‘rquvdan” in “Qo‘rquvdan yig‘ladi”?
4
Why is “bu + dan” written “bundan”?