Review of the year

During the year four layers of cultured speech were studied. Chapter I: norms of pronunciation and spelling – changing vowels and consonants, stress, the spelling of compound words, congratulation and condolence texts. Chapter II: norms of word use – appropriate word choice, taboo, euphemism and dysphemism, the stylistics of pronouns, obsolete words. Chapter III: set expressions – idiom, proverb and descriptive expression. Chapter IV: grammatical and punctuation norms – redundant suffixes, choice of suffixes, agreement of form and content, punctuation, text analysis and business papers. In tests and editing the following order is convenient: first spelling and pronunciation, then word choice and set expressions, then suffixes and sentence construction, and finally punctuation. When in doubt, turning to explanatory, spelling and pronunciation dictionaries is the habit of a person with a cultured speech.