Architecture, fine arts and the final review

According to the textbook, although economic decline and military campaigns also harmed cultural development, the tradition of national architecture survived. The Bukhara and Khorezm schools of architecture enriched an ancient style with the spirit of the time; masters such as Oblokul and Ibrohim Hofizov, Mominjon Solihov and Shirin Murodov became known. Sitorai Mohi Xosa, the emir of Bukhara’s summer residence, lies on the edge of Bukhara a few kilometres north of the centre (the textbook says “2.5 km south”); its White Hall was decorated with carved gypsum over two years under Shirin Murodov and has a mainly European style. In Khiva the Islomkhoja minaret was built in 1908–1910 on the initiative of prime minister Islomkhoja. The Nurullaboy palace in Khiva was begun under Muhammad Rahimkhan II (in 1906) and, after the khan died in 1910, completed in 1912 under his son Asfandiyorkhan (the textbook gives 1904–1912 and names only Muhammad Rahimkhan II); the palace has seven rooms and combines Western and Eastern styles. In the Fergana Valley buildings in the European style appeared, while the Andijan Friday mosque, built at the end of the 19th century, stayed in the national style. In large cities military forts, barracks and, in the New City of Tashkent, buildings of the governor-generalship were built in the European style; alongside rammed earth and raw brick, fired brick, plywood, tin and glass came into use. In fine arts the miniature tradition continued, wall patterns began to show ships, railways and animals, and Bukhara was the centre of applied ornament.