The end of the Khanate of Kokand and the results of the conquest

After the treaty of 1868 Russian merchants gained wide opportunities in the Khanate of Kokand, its lands shrank, treasury income fell and taxes and duties grew, which fed discontent. In spring 1875 a large uprising broke out under Mullo Ishaq, called Pulatkhan; the force sent by Khan Khudoyorkhan went over to the insurgents and the khan took refuge with the governor-general. Nasriddinbek, who came to the throne, signed a treaty with von Kaufman in September 1875 ceding lands around Namangan and Chust and agreeing to pay 2 million rubles. The population, unhappy with this, rose again and Pulatkhan took power. The army under General M. Skobelev took Andijan (after fighting from October 1875 to January 1876) and Namangan; Pulatkhan and his supporters were executed. On 19 February 1876 (Old Style) a decree abolished the khanate and the Fergana Province was formed in its place. In the fourth stage the campaign against the Turkmens began in 1879 and, after Geok Tepe was taken in 1881, the Transcaspian Province was formed; the Turkmens were fully subdued by 1885. As reasons for the defeat the textbook points to military and economic backwardness, lack of unity among the three states and rulers who did not help one another.