☰ Contents · Russian language

A. A. Blok and N. S. Gumilyov

Lessons 32–33 · 2 lessons · M. E. Rozhnova, U. T. Yaminova. Russian Language, Grade 8 (textbook for general secondary schools with Uzbek and other languages of instruction), 2nd revised edition. “Uzbekistan” Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
33

N. S. Gumilyov: life. A poem from the cycle «Капитаны»

Textbook: pp. 126–129
GoalLearn about N. S. Gumilyov and acmeism; read the excerpt from «Капитаны», find the description of the captains and paint them in words.
New words
капитан · kapitanпарус · yelkanморе · dengizпутешественник · sayohatchi
Explanation

N. S. Gumilyov was born on 15 April 1886 in Kronstadt in the family of a ship’s doctor. His mother came from an old noble family and her father was an admiral. He studied at the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium (where he met his future wife, A. Akhmatova), then at the history and philology faculty of Petersburg University. In 1907–1908 he studied at the Sorbonne in Paris, saved money and made his first journey to Africa, later returning several times with scientific expeditions. The spirit of travel is reflected in the books «Романтические цветы» (1908) and «Жемчуга» (1910); his calling card is the 1908 poem «Жираф». In 1911 he founded the «Цех поэтов» with S. Gorodetsky and headed the new trend, acmeism. In 1914 he joined a lancer regiment as a volunteer, served as a scout and received two St George crosses. His last collection was «Огненный столп» (1921). In 1921 he was arrested on a false accusation and shot in August of that year. The acmeists (Akhmatova, Mandelstam and others), dissatisfied with symbolism, stood for simplicity and clarity in poetry and returned to the direct meaning of the word.

Worked examples
«Капитаны» (excerpt): the poem glorifies sea captains who discover new lands and fear neither storms nor danger. The poet shows them as people hardened by the sea, not by dusty books, who mark their own route on the chart.
Continuation: the captain stands firm on the bridge and keeps order on board; however the sea rages, they do not turn back. In the last stanza the poet says such hands and such a sharp gaze are not given to cowards, stressing the captains’ courage, skill and vigilance.
Class activity

“A captain’s portrait”. Make a table of epithets and comparisons, then describe the captains as you see them in four or five sentences.

Practice
1
Which trend did Gumilyov head?
2
With which poet did Gumilyov found the «Цех поэтов»?
3
What kind of people are the heroes of «Капитаны»?
4
What did the acmeists demand of poetry?